The primary area of concern of disease transmission is Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Human Immuniodeficiency Virus (HIV). Other bacteria and viruses may be of concern to the public as well. There are many other diseases of concern, but this course primarily deals with those where exposure may be obtained through unintentional blood transmission.

Definition: HBV is one of many viruses affecting the liver. Once the person is exposed, infection may last for many weeks and even months. Asymptomatic transmission may occur when an infected person who has no knowledge of their own disease gives it to another. This is a great source of infection.

Signs/Symptoms: yellow skin color, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lack of appetite, dark urine color, fever, headache, asymptomatic (without any of the previous symptoms)

Transmission: Blood, vaginal fluid, semen, needles, from mother to child during pregnancy and birth, human bites, sex.

Definition: HCV is also one of many viruses affecting the liver. It is the most prevalent infection of its type in the United States with 80% of patients being completely without symptoms.

Signs/Symptoms: yellow skin color, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lack of appetite, dark urine color, fever, headache, asymptomatic (without any of the previous symptoms)

Transmission: Blood, vaginal fluid, semen, needles, from mother to child during pregnancy and birth, human bites, sex.

Definition: HIV is the virus which causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is also a virus which a person may spread without any knowledge, being completely without signs or symptoms. AIDS limits the body’s ability to fight infection and without treatment, infections most likely become life-threatening, even simple infections such as influenza.

Signs/Symptoms: Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, sore throat, muscle/joint aches, constant infections, fever, lack of appetite, swollen lymph nodes, tiredness, weight loss, rashes, asymptomatic (without any of the previous symptoms)

Transmission: Blood, vaginal fluid, semen, needles, from mother to child during pregnancy and birth, sex

Remember to keep yourself protected by using personal protective equipment. Although it might not be apparent or obvious that a bloodborne pathogen or other potentially infectious material is present, it is important to always take the protective measures of using gloves, eye goggles and hand-washing. This will minimize your risk of exposure.